Thermal injury is the most important mechanism of lesion formation during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. Irreversible tissue injury requires heating to approximately 50 °C. Temperatures above 100 °C result in coagulum formation. As temperature plays a major role during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures, temperature monitoring has been recommended as a tool to help catheter ablation procedures. The results of recent clinical studies show that electrode temperatures do not vary at successful and failed ablation sites; electrode temperature does not predict or remove the possibility of arrhythmia recurrence ^[1].

Development of innovative fibers for mid-IR spectral range paves way for a number of promising fiber applications ranging from 2 to 18 µm. Many years of art photonics’ research and development for reliable IR-fiber technologies resulted in the final selection of the main IR-materials suitable for production of mid IR-fibers of optical performance acceptable for pragmatic applications.

https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=14353

To develop an online probe that is not only sufficiently robust, but also able to measure crucial process variables in biogas plants is a tough challenge. Therefore, a mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic attenuated total reflection (ATR) probe and robust probe fitting were established. A fully automated probe control, calibration after probe cleaning, and analysis of the absorption spectra using machine learning were implemented in order to reduce maintenance of the probe to a minimum. The relevant wavelengths in the MIR spectrum for organic acids, total alkalinity, and ammonium nitrogen concentration were identified. Finally, intensive lab testing was carried out, followed by operation of the complete online measurement system at an industrial biogas plant. In order to improve signal strength and sensitivity, microelectronic mechanical system (MEMS)-based Fabry-Pérot interferometers were also investigated.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ceat.201500334